Media Monitoring

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REPORT ON COVERAGE OF THE ROMA IN THE GREEK PRESS

June 1997

(The comments in italics are made by the GHM.)

3/6/97 Ta Nea

During the last period the taxi drivers were stressed and terrorized by a gang of four underage Roma, who had committed several robberies. "The police were surprised." The Roma knew all the "tricks" for a successful robbery. "Nobody could suspect the children." They pretended to be clients in order to be able to commit the robbery.

The reports confront the underage Roma in a hostile way, since they regard the Roma exclusively as the ones responsible for whatever happened.

3/6/97 Apogevmatini

"Four underage Roma terrify the taxi drivers of the area of Zefyri." During the last three days they committed 4 robberies. They presented themselves as clients and beat the drivers in order to steal the money.

Not only does the report highlight the different identity of the Roma, but it also uses words with a negative meaning (e.g. "terrify")

4/6/97 Ethnos

The movie director Manoussos Manoussakis will use the famous actor Vicky Koulianou for the role of a Roma woman in the love story of his new film "Red Dragon."

The report just refers to a new film about a Roma woman.

4/6/97 Ethnos

"Á young Roma woman was begging for money from the car drivers holding her baby, so that the policemen would not arrest her for mendicity.” The government must intervene in order to prevent the Roma from exercising mendacity. Moreover, the Roma woman used to show her breast to the car drivers in order to be more attractive.

The report is unacceptable, since it intents to humiliate the Roma woman. It could be certainly characterized as racist.

4/6/97 Apogevmatini

The director Manoussos Manoussakis prepares a new serial for the television. At this time, the famous director refers to the social problem of racism, since, according to the scenario, a man in the story falls in love with a young Roma woman, who is fighting for the non alienation of a piece of Romani land. The story gives emphasis to the hypocrisy of a society that claims, in theory, that it is not racist.

The report makes very positive comments about this new TV film that refers to the life of the Roma.

5/6/97 Avgi

"The Greek Helsinki Monitor and the Minority Rights Group-Greece denounce the initiatives of many Mayors all over Greece to expel the Roma from their settlements." In Evosmos there is a petition of the Municipality against 91 Roma families, whereas in Kalamata there is another petition against 70 families. The worst situation is in the area of Ano Liosia, where the Mayor destroys the houses of the Roma under the pretext of "illegal construction." Furthermore, there is a racist wave on behalf of the police in Trikala and in Phinikas. As for the municipal authorities of Alikarnassos, they refuse to collect the garbage in a Roma populated area, a fact which made a lawyer sue the Mayor.

The report is very positive, since it is based completely on the press release of the GHM.

5/6/97 Pontiki

The Greek Helsinki Monitor denounces the actions of the Municipality of Ano Liosia for the latter’s application of an extremely racist policy, since Roma are submitted to persecutions on a daily basis. The restricted place where the Roma have been transferred is called by the GHM "the Simitis ghetto." The GHM also reminds that in the Czech Republic the extreme right-wingers have granted an award to the municipality which will manage to expel the highest number of Roma.

The fact that the report included a part of a GHM press release is very encouraging.

5/6/97 Ta Nea

The director Manoussos Manoussakis is preparing a new film on the love between a Roma woman and a non-Roma man and the subsequent problems which arise from the relationship. According to the story, both sides fight against this "forbidden" love.

The report denounces social discrimination against Roma.

5/6/97 Eleftheros Typos

A Roma cultural festival will start in the area of Agia Varvara under the slogan "Athens is a multicultural city. Meet the Roma!" "The festival is an awareness campaign addressed to Greek society." According to the President of the older Romani association, the number of the Greek Roma amounts to 5% of the whole population. The President claims that it is not true that the Roma do not want to be educated. The festival includes discussions on racism, a football match, exhibitions of photographs and books, movies and a concert with the participation of Roma artists.

The report is very positive, because it contributes to the publicity of the Romani festival and because it refers to the views of the Roma as well.

5/6/97 Ethnos

A journalist of the TV show "Yellow Press" pretended to be a mother interested in buying a baby from the Roma, and she invited the cameras to register the dealing and the subsequent arrest. The television intervenes into the events.

The report is not hostile to the Roma, since it criticizes the attitude of the TV journalists.

5/6/97 Eleftheros Typos

The Roma cousin of the mother who tried to sell her baby for 2.5 mill drs. was the person who contributed to the realization of this dealing. As soon as the Roma couple received the money, the police arrested them. "According to the authorities, the arrested persons are just a part of a big gang." A lawyer and a doctor have also been arrested.

The report is descriptive, without particular comments. The style would have probably been the same even if the involved persons were non-Roma.

5/6/97 Eleftherotypia [Maria Dede]

Every group should be able to contribute to the cultural development of Greek society. The Panhellenic Cultural Association of the Roma organized a festival in order to emphasize the right to diversity. The Municipality of Agia Varvara, the University of Athens and the Center for Information and Support of the Roma also took part. According to the President of the Romani association, the content of racism is different, since it is based on "cultural" arguments and not on "biological" ones anymore. The Greek Helsinki Monitor denounced the fact that Greece "celebrates" the European Year against Racism by expelling the homeless Roma from the settlements all over Greece.

The report is excellent, because it refers to the Roma festival, and in general, to the right to diversity in a very positive way.

6/6/97 Adesmeftos Typos [George Massavettas]

"I'm a little Roma and I would like to thank the government for having saved me from the persons who sold me. Because of you, there is a chance for me to go back to my natural environment and to work in the street under the supervision of a protector. Thanks to you, I will be able to live in the conditions most Roma live in."

This report is written in an ironic way and it seems to be an imaginary letter of a little Roma to the mass media which revealed the network for the selling of babies. It tries to emphasize the fact that the "saved" babies are not so lucky, since they have to live either in a public institution or in the street, and not in a family, which would have been much better for them.

6/6/97 Eleftheros Typos [Mary Zarkada]

The arrest of the 18-year-old Roma woman Paraskevi Liafiti, who sold her baby for 2.5 mill drs., led to the discovery of a network for the selling of babies. The lawyers of Thessaloniki were astonished by the fact that their colleague Mr. Hatzialexandrou participated in this network.

The report presents the Roma as professionals who are involved in the selling of babies on a permanent basis.

6/6/97 Ethnos

Organized Roma networks used to sell babies in Thessaloniki, with the cooperation of lawyers and authorities. "The whole case makes a scandal." The accused Roma were brought to the district attorney’s office. Many other Roma had gathered outside the court room in order to express their solidarity with their friends or relatives, and their anger at the journalists.

The report is particularly hostile, since there are only negative comments about the Roma.

6/6/97 Exoussia [George Karaivaz and John Tsinos]

A Roma network in northern Greece took advantage of the fervent desire of many families in a cruel way. "The Roma couple Mitrou have sold more than twenty babies." The Roma woman Paraskevi Liafiti is accused of "an illegal offer of a child for adoption as an act committed on a professional basis."

The report includes expressions which are very hostile towards the Roma, such as "taking advantage," "cruel way," etc.

6/6/97 Ta Nea

The authorities discovered a "network" for the selling of babies. "The babies are Roma from Greece or come from countries of the ex-Soviet Union, Albania, Bulgaria and Rumania, and are offered to families in Greece, Germany, the USA and Sweden. A Roma couple was caught when they tried to sell the baby of their cousin for 2.5 mill drs. After the arrest, it turned out that a lawyer from Thessaloniki was involved in the case. The above fact caused the supervision of the President of the Thessaloniki Bar Association, since the lawyer in question was "a person beyond any suspicion"

The report makes an obvious discrimination as far as the Roma are concerned, because their involvement in this trade is considered to be "natural" and expected, whereas the involvement of the non-Roma lawyer is regarded as astonishing and "unbelievable."

6/6/97 Adesmeftos Typos

A lawyer is involved in an international network for the selling of babies. The policemen discovered 273 files concerning cases of adoption. The natural parents of the adopted babies were Roma and foreigners. The Roma woman, Zoi Mitrou, who participates in the network, was arrested in 1985 for involvement in 35 cases of illegal adoptions.

Although the ethnocultural identity of the accused persons is irrelevant to the whole case, the report keeps referring to it .

6/6/97 Eleftheria [Local newspaper of Messinia]

The Municipality of Kalamata has been included in the black list of the GHM and of MRG-Greece, according to a press release issued by these organizations. Their reaction concerns the petition for temporary measures, which has been submitted by the Municipality against 70 Roma families. The fact that most of them have been settled for three years in this area proves that the use of land has not been "disturbed," given also that since February 1995 the Municipality itself has put buckets for the garbage.

The report adopts an friendly attitude towards the Roma.

6/6/97 Apogevmatini

The district attorney prosecuted the lawyer Alexandros Hatzialexandrou for his cooperation with the Roma who had been arrested on the charge of illegal dealing concerning babies.

The report mentions the particular identity of the "Roma."

7/6/97 Adesmeftos Typos

The Roma woman, who had been arrested for participation in the selling of her babies, declared: "I have three more children whom I cannot raise." The 23rd investigator decided to detain her in custody. The lawyer who is alleged to be the "mastermind" of the whole network was released after paying a guarantee of 1 mill drs.

The report is very positive, because it presents the view of the Roma woman, who tries to explain why she got involved in the trade in babies. Furthermore, the report shows clearly the contrast between the treatment of the rich lawyer and the treatment of the poor Roma woman on the part of the judicial authorities.

7/6/97 Eleftheros Typos

The Roma woman who tried to sell her baby was led to prison. During her interrogation from the 23rd investigator, she declared: "What I did was for the best of my child. Not only would this boy have lived in better conditions, but I would also have been able to help my other three children. In the past three of my children died."

The report is a pleasant surprise, because it gives a particular emphasis on the views of the arrested Roma woman, so that a reader could be informed fully and objectively.

7/6/97 Apogevmatini

The city of Thessaloniki has been turned into a center for the selling of babies. Roma and citizens from countries of the former Eastern Bloc are involved in this case of illegal adoptions. The Roma woman Paraskevi Liatifi said, in her apology, that poverty and necessity for the raising of her other three children led her to this act.

The attitude of the report towards the Roma is not aggressive, since at least the apology of the Roma defendant is included.

7/6/97 Ta Nea

The Roma families Liatifis and Mitrou are accused of having given 68 babies for adoption. There are tapes with registered discussions over the phone which trapped the lawyer, Mr. Hatzialexandrou. Since 1984, members of the Roma family of Liatifis have been involved in the trade in babies. The chief of the Sub-Direction for Security, Mr. Karagiozidis, said that "there are specific Roma families in Efvia and Attiki who have been involved in the trade in babies, during the last twelve years" and that "in such a case, doctors and lawyers also participate, especially in northern Greece." According to the President of the Center of Babies MITERA, Mrs. Soula Efthimiou, a natural mother may be vulnerable under the difficult conditions of life and, therefore, it is easy for somebody to take advantage of her.

The report gives emphasis of the Romani identity of the defendants. Nevertheless, it includes the views of Mrs. Efthimiou, who points out the real reasons why the trade in babies takes place.

7/6/97 Eleftherotypia

According to the detained Roma woman Paraskevi Liatifi, she tried to sell her 45-day-old baby in order to insure a better life for him and in an attempt to be able to raise her other two children, and not for economic reasons. The 270 files which were found in the office of a lawyer who allegedly participated in the trade in babies have not been opened yet.

The report is positive, since it highlights the possible reasons why some Roma are sometimes forced to sell their children.

8/6/97 Adesmeftos Typos

It seems that there is no hope for the Roma of Evosmos, since no municipality or community accepts them. After a recent court decision, the Roma have to leave their place. The Minister for Macedonia-Thrace, Mr. Peltsanikos, promised to find a permanent solution for the 3,000 Roma, who live under very bad conditions. The President of their Association, Mr. Georgiadis, expressed his complaint over the fact that the Roma are not wanted in any area.

The report presents the problems of the Roma of Evosmos in a very positive way, and calls for a solution.

8/6/97 Epohi

The Greek Helsinki Monitor and Minority Rights Group - Greece published some important facts about the persecutions of the Roma in various areas of Greece. "The Municipality of Ano Liosia forced the Roma to leave the old settlement and to be transferred to a new place, which looks like a concentration camp and where the municipal employees terrify them." The huts of 10 Roma were destroyed by the municipal authorities on the pretext of illegal constructing. The same thing happened in Phinikas of Thessaloniki.. The persecutions in Evosmos, in Kriti and in Kalamata are also well-known.

The report is excellent, because it shows the racist hatred on the part of the authorities, as it is described by a detailed announcement of the GHM and MRG - G.

8/6/97 Apogevmatini of Sunday

The 3rd Primary School of Zefyri is an example of a typical ghetto, which leads to social exclusion. The parents of the non-Roma children do not send their children to this school anymore, and they prefer to register them in other schools which are far from this area. As a result, the Roma children feel the contempt of their fellow citizens. According to the professor of Psychiatry Mr. Ballas, there is racial prejudice in Zefyri. "The problem is that there are no special educational programs for the schools which have Roma children." It would be much better, if non-Roma and Roma children attended the same school, because the progress of the non-Roma children would be a good example for the Roma children. The aggressive behavior of the Roma children is due to their material, social and cultural insufficiency. According to the President of the Association of the Parents in Zefyri, Mrs. Yannopoulou, the Roma children should be scattered in all the schools of the area, so that this ghetto would be abolished. In the beginning of the year, 327 Roma children were registered in the school, whereas in January there were only 70 pupils. Only 25 Roma children receive a certificate of Primary School education every year. The only positive element is the institution of the so called "pupil’s card," which concerns the Roma families which move very often from area to area. Mr. Ballas said that "society is full of antiracism" and that "the antiracist concerts are useless." Finally, he said that, under the current conditions the Roma are vulnerable, because of the people who would like to take advantage of this situation in order to cause national problems in Greece.

Although it expresses negative views about antiracism, the whole report contributes a lot to people’s information about the problems of the Roma.

8/6/97 Eleftherotypia of Sunday

"The fact that the Roma are involved in illegal adoptions should not surprise the public opinion, since it is known that this social group is totally excluded and doomed to misery." It is also worthwhile to mention that if a baby is Roma, his/her "price" is usually lower and it amounts to 3 mill drs.

The main point of the report consists in the explanation of the reason why some Roma resort to illegal acts.

9/6/97 Apogevmatini

The government is responsible for the existence of networks for illegal trade in babies. The mothers who live in poverty usually choose to sell their babies because they consider this solution to be better for the survival of the children. The President of the Attiki Roma, Mr. Adamopoulos, said that "the Roma are the victims in this story" and that "the government should punish those who earn millions, and not the poor Roma woman who wants to provide a better future to her children."

The report is very positive, because it expresses sensitivity to the problems of the Roma, and explains very well why some Roma mothers behave in an illegal way.

10/6/97 Ethnos

The hidden camera of the journalist Makis Triantafyllopoulos revealed a shameful social event - the rich people try to live happily by buying babies, while other people try to ensure a better life for their children by selling them

The report is good, because it refers to the core of the whole problem.

10/6/97 Exoussia

The first convention of the Roma took place in the area of Agia Varvara, but there were only five Roma. Public officials and University professors participated in this convention. "According to a survey, 65% of the pupils and 40% of the teachers do not tolerate the Roma in the classroom. The fact that cards of registration have not been given to Roma pupils yet was denounced.

The report is very positive, because it promotes the views of the Panhellenic Association of the Roma and describes the convention.

11/6/97 Eleftherotypia

"The court decided that the Roma of Evosmos should leave this area." Nevertheless, their transfer to the place of Assyros has been delayed, because of the strong reactions of the residents of the area. According to the court decision, if a Roma refuses to obey, she will have to pay a fine of 500,000 drs.

The report describes very well the situation in Evosmos, so that a reader would understand why there is tension in the area

11/6/97 Eleftheria [Local newspaper of Messinia]

The local Committee for Human Rights against Racism of Kalamata expressed its support for the Roma of the area. Lawyers who are members of the Committee visited their settlement in order to talk with representatives of the Roma and to provide legal help.

The report gives important information about the activities of a local antiracism organization.

11/6/97 Adesmeftos Typos

The Roma of Evosmos are very upset, because of the court decision which ordered them to leave from the area where they live. No suitable place for a transfer of these 3,000 Roma has been found yet.

The report is positive, because it holds the government responsible for the non transfer of the Roma.

12/6/97 Exousia

The representative of the Evosmos Roma, Mr. Georgiadis, declared that "there will be blood in the area." On the other hand, the Mayor said that "if the Roma do not leave, the police will intervene." The court of Thessaloniki issued a decision in favor of the Municipality of Evosmos asking the Roma to leave the area, which caused their anger. The council of the prefecture promised to keep looking for another place. Nevertheless, the non-Roma residents of the neighboring areas object strongly to such a transfer of the Roma, since they do not want to live with the latter. The Greek Helsinki Monitor, Minority Rights Group - Greece, and SOS Racism denounce the fact that the state continues to persecute the Roma all over Greece (Ano Liosia, Trikala, Phinikas, Kriti).

The report is very favorable to the Roma.

12/6/97 Eleftheria [Local newspaper of Messini]

The local Committee for Human Rights against Racism of Kalamata expressed its solidarity with the Roma of the area who are tried today in the court of the city. The Municipality of Kalamata did not keep its promises about tolerating the Roma until a new settlement is found. The SOS Racism organization reminds that, in the past, this Municipality had asked for funding which would contribute to better conditions of life for the Roma.

The report is positive, since it highlights the great political and moral responsibilities of the Municipality.

12/6/97 Eleftherotypia

Mr. Petsalnikos, Minister for Macedonia-Thrace and Mr. Agelidis, Advisor to the Prime Minister on issues concerning the quality of life, participated in a meeting about the problems of the Roma in Evosmos. They finally decided to look for every possible solution, including housing in wagons from the Railway Organization (O.S.E.).

The report informs the readers about the latest news which concerns the area of Evosmos.

13/6/97 Eleftheria (Local newspaper of Messinia)

The trial concerning the petition of the Municipality of Kalamata against the Roma of this area has been postponed. The new trial will be held on 29/7/97. The Roma declared that they are willing to leave the area as soon as the Ministry of the Environment gives them 70 mill drs, which the Prefecture had asked for, so that a piece of land could be bought in an area called Makaria. The President of the small community Mikromani, Mr. Skaleos, called for a "dynamic intervention" on behalf of the authorities.

The report informs in a complete way about what happened during the trial of the Roma.

17/6/97 Adesmeftos Typos

The courtyards are full of Roma who used to sell merchandise without giving receipts. Nobody doubts that the Roma should pay taxes, but it is preferable for the Tax Service to start persecuting the "big sharks," and not as always the "small fish."

The report raises the important issue of social injustice, as far as the Roma are concerned.

17/6/97 Ta Nea [Fotini Tsalikoglou]

In the last few days, most of the reports of the newspaper referred to the trade in babies as a "natural event," since the Roma are involved in it. The newspapers gave emphasis to the surprise which was caused by the involvement of a rich lawyer in such an illegal trade, and they did not mention the fact that a society which is based on the rules of free market economy is the one which makes the excluded Roma sell their children.

This excellent article reminds that the press treats the Roma and the non-Roma in a different and unequal way.

19/6/97 Apogevmatini

If someone walks down the streets of Athens, s/he can see the contrasts which exist in the city. For example, in Kolonaki square, a few meters away from a group of rich and happy non-Roman children who return from school along with their parents, there are some poor Roma children begging for money.

This positive report tries to remind the readers that there are some unacceptable contrasts around.

22/6/97 Apogevmatini of Sunday

The Roma of Dendropotamos and Evosmos worry very much, because unknown persons asked them whether they intended to sell babies.

The report examines the issue from the point of view of the Roma.

23/6/97 Eleftheros Typos

A 13-year-old girl had a very difficult time, since she was abducted and raped by her uncle, who afterwards abandoned her in a small village. The parents claim that the uncle is involved in illegal activities, and that he got angry when they advised him to stop them.

The report just quotes a fact, without making either hostile or positive comments.

23/6/97 Exousia [A. Giourmetaki]

Secret negotiations have taken place during the last days concerning an eventual transfer of the Roma who live in the area Yannouli. According to the information, the Roma accepted to leave this place, as soon as they get the compensation for their properties. Prejudice characterizes the relations between the Roma and the non-Roma. Incidents of beating and fights in public are seen daily. Therefore, the non-Roma residents collect money in order to accomplish the transfer of the Roma!!

The report is positive, because it criticizes the outrageous act of the non-Roma residents of Yannouli.

23/6/97 Apogevmatini

A 13-year-old Roma girl was sexually abused by her uncle (43). After her abduction, the girl herself went to the police station of the village of Dendropotamos and reported her rape. As she said, her uncle had suggested to her to come with him to buy her an ice-cream.

The report is neutral, since it refers just to the facts.

23/6/97 Adesmeftos Typos

A Roma of Thessaloniki abducted his 13-year-old niece. He abused of her sexually, and, finally, he abandoned her. "The family of the girl lives under very bad conditions in a small hut." The father does not have a permanent job, and has difficulties in raising his four children, who had to stop attending school.

The report is complete and emphasizes the social problems of the Roma.

24/6/97 Adesmeftos Typos

A concert for humanitarian reasons will take place in a theater of the Municipality of Nikea. The famous Roma singer Vassilis Paiteris will sing, with an orchestra consisting of traditional instruments of Romani music (uti, violi, klarino, touberleki). The income will contribute to the development of educational activities for teachers who teach in the Roma neighborhoods.

The report presents this musical activity in a very positive way.

24/6/97 Ethnos

The non-Roma residents of the village of Yannouli try to convince the Roma to leave the area, by giving them the amount of 800 mill drs. as a compensation. On the other hand, the Roma suggested that the 25 non-Roma families are the ones who should leave, and they said that they are willing to give them 1 billion drs.

The report just refers to what happened without taking sides.

24/6/97 Exousia [Nikos Batsis]

"What happened in the village of Yannouli of Larissa reminds one of cleansing." The non-Roma residents seem to be willing to "subsidize" the transfer of the Roma. The fact is impressive. Last month the Union of the Policeman of Larissa organized a convention under the title "Racism and xenophobia." I wonder where all these people are now. The government should prevent the expulsion from happening.

The report is very positive, because it criticizes the hostile attitude of the non-Roma residents towards the Roma.

24/6/97 Eleftherotypia [Elizabeth Kazalotti]

On the occasion of the recent festival of the Panhellenic Cultural Association of the Greek Roma (which included exhibitions, discussions, films, etc), I would like to mention the fact that it is really very difficult for the Roma to be incorporated in society. As a result they remain marginalized. Deep inside, they feel excluded, and they think that it is impossible for them to become a part of society. It is characteristic that a Roma girl did not want to wear traditional Romani clothes during the festival. Furthermore, the mass media do not pay attention to the social problems of the Roma. They preferred to focus on the songs, the dancing and the concert, and not on the interesting round-table discussions, which concerned grave problems, such as racism and xenophobia.

The report is excellent, because it refers to the indifference of the mass media, which ignored the political part of the festival and neglected the views of Roma.

26/6/97 Eleftherotypia [Teta Papadopoulou]

The initiative of Station No 1 of the Public Radio (ERA-1) was a pleasant surprise. It was the first time that a discussion on the radio was broadcast in two languages (Greek and Romanes). It is worthwhile to mention that the broadcasting was a co-production of ERA-1 and two young Roma journalists. It would be nice if there was also a permanent emission involving the Roma.

The report is excellent, not only because it expresses a positive opinion about the Roma, but also because it recommends a satisfying solution for the future.

25/6/97 Eleftherotypia

The Roma of Yannouli accept to leave the area on the condition that they receive compensation from the non-Roma residents.

The report just refers to the facts.

25/6/97 Eleftherotypia

The 43-year-old Roma, Mr. Kyriazis, was arrested and accused of having seduced his 13-year-old niece.

The report refers to the ethnocultural identity of the defendant, whereas this is not necessary.

26/6/97 Epohi

According to the Initiating Committee for the Support of the Romani Population of Thessaloniki, the conditions of life in Evosmos are unacceptable (without water and electricity). The Municipality of Evosmos had made very clear declarations emphasizing its will to expel the Roma from the area. The Roma have lived in this place for more than 25 years. When the value of the land was low, no one cared. After the increase of the value, however, some non-Roma people tried, under threats, to force the Roma to leave the area. The Municipality tries to prevent the Roma from having access to water facilities in order to make them abandon their land. During the period that Thessaloniki is the Cultural Capital of Europe, the fact that the Mayors of the area do not accept the Roma is absolutely outrageous.

The report describes in detail the painful story of the Roma of Evosmos.

O?oeio

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